Mahmud Barzanji revolts

Mahmud Barzanji revolts
Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
Mahmud Barzanji as Kurdish warlord (prior to 1919)
Date May–June 1919; November 1922 – July 1924 Location Occupied Enemy Territory Administration and Mandatory Iraq Result Kingdom of Kurdistan victory Kingdom of Kurdistan abolished in 1924 Sheykh Mahmud retreats to underground Iraqi Kurdistan is merged into Mandatory Iraq (1926) Territorial changes Kingdom of Kurdistan reconquered by the British
Belligerents
Mandatory Iraq RAF Iraq Command	Kurdish state Barzinja tenantry and tribesmen Hamavand tribe Sections of the Jaf, Jabbari, Sheykh Bizayni and Shuan tribes Kingdom of Kurdistan Kurdish National Army
Commanders and leaders
Faisal I	Mahmud Barzanji
Strength
Two British brigades	500

Mahmud Barzanji revolts were a series of armed uprisings by Kurdish Sheykh Mahmud Barzanji against the Iraqi authority in newly conquered British Mesopotamia and later the British Mandate in Iraq. Following his first insurrection in May 1919, Sheykh Mahmud was imprisoned and eventually exiled to India for a one-year period. When returning, he was once again appointed a governor, but shortly revolted again declaring himself as the ruler of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. The Kingdom of Kurdistan lasted from September 1922 – July 1924.^[1] With British forces greatly exceeding his in ammunition and training, the defeat finally subdued the region to central British Iraqi rule in 1924. Sheykh Mahmud retreated into mountains, and eventually reached terms with the independent Kingdom of Iraq in 1932, over his return from the underground. Sheykh Mahmud revolts are considered the first chapter of the modern Iraqi–Kurdish conflict.